Polyaluminium Chloride PAC for Drinking Water Treatment

Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) for Drinking Water Treatment

Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) is a highly efficient coagulant widely used in the treatment of drinking water. It is a pre-hydrolyzed, inorganic polymer coagulant with the general formula Aln(OH)mClAln(OH)mClx, designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water, ensuring it meets safety and quality standards.

Properties and Composition

PAC is characterized by its high aluminum content, low basicity, and varying molecular weight, which allows for tailored applications. It comes in liquid or powder forms, with the powder being more popular for its stability and ease of transport.

Advantages of PAC in Drinking Water Treatment

  1. Enhanced Coagulation: PAC works effectively over a wide pH range, making it more versatile compared to traditional coagulants like alum.
  2. Reduced Sludge Volume: It produces a denser and more compact sludge, leading to lower disposal costs.
  3. Lower Dosing: The pre-hydrolyzed nature of PAC requires smaller doses, resulting in cost savings.
  4. Fast Action: PAC reacts quickly with impurities, improving the efficiency of sedimentation and filtration processes.
  5. Improved Water Clarity: It effectively removes turbidity, color, and organic matter, leading to clearer and safer drinking water.
  6. Minimal pH Adjustment: PAC requires minimal or no additional pH adjustment of water, reducing the need for ancillary chemicals.

Applications in Drinking Water Treatment

  • Turbidity Removal: PAC is highly effective in removing suspended solids and colloidal particles.
  • Reduction of Organic Contaminants: It aids in reducing dissolved organic matter, which can react with disinfectants like chlorine to form harmful by-products.
  • Pathogen Removal: By improving coagulation, PAC enhances the removal of bacteria and viruses.
  • Heavy Metal Removal: PAC binds with heavy metals like lead and arsenic, aiding in their removal.

Usage and Dosage

PAC dosage depends on the quality of raw water and the desired treatment outcome. Operators typically conduct jar tests to determine the optimal concentration. The coagulant is added during the coagulation-flocculation stage, where it destabilizes particles and facilitates their aggregation into larger flocs that can be easily removed.

Safety Considerations

When using PAC for drinking water treatment, it is essential to ensure the product complies with international standards, such as EN 17034 or NSF/ANSI 60, which regulate its purity and safety for human consumption.

Conclusion

Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) has become a preferred choice for drinking water treatment due to its superior performance, cost-effectiveness, and safety. Its ability to efficiently remove a wide range of impurities ensures the delivery of clean, safe, and high-quality drinking water to communities worldwide.




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